Current studies speak of a “black or mitochondrial Eve” who would be the single origin of humans inhabiting the planet Earth. Find the ancestor of man has been one of the priorities of paleontologists and scientists. Discover the phylogenetic tree and go completing the species that have been directly or single brick relative evolutionary phylogenetic no direct relationship is a task in which any interested researcher fully immersed in the heart and the senses.
This search immersed work on the origin of humanity and what was their birth and development to reach populations sapiens today.
Homo Sapiens Sapiens:
Only living hominid species, colonized the planet earth and triumphed over as the sister species Homo sapiens Neanderthalensis or Neanderthal Man. Their superiority in adaptation to habitats and especially the technical, social, and morphological species led to the gradual junking his sister and his dead end in the evolutionary line.
Arise if there were ongoing discussions mixture of both species genetically compatible and enabled to breed hybrids, or if there were no such crossings. One way or another the truth is that over time the earth’s surface, leaving a single species, the mother of all humans who lived and now inhabit the planet.
Human Genome:
Since Mendel studied peas genetic transmission and made his very important four laws about it, science has advanced in geometric progression in this field and have conducted studies that have uncovered the genome of living beings and especially of man. Nuclear DNA strands are worn in field studies, and chromosomal transmission of parental genes in the offspring is poured through the process explained to perfection in the Mendelian laws.
Even science fiction has exploited advances in this field and has formed the dangerous theories as to resurrect extinct species. Banks were created to save the valuable genetic DNA of endangered species with the beautiful but dangerous idea of ”playing God” that speak to some scientists.
The truth of the matter is that as presented in the film Jurassic Park resurrect extinct species of dinosaurs by cloning the DNA found in a submerged prehistoric mosquito in amber, technically it would be possible but for now seems feasible. This film raised in the public forum the possibility of “reviving” extinct or extinct care not only spare his DNA. But not only humans have a nuclear DNA but also have a mitochondrial DNA also called mitochondrial genome.
Mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial genome:
The Mitochondrial DNA is the genetic material of the mitochondria. Are the organelles that generate energy for the cell. It reproduces by itself when the cell divides by mitosis.
It was discovered by Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass. His number is 37 genes unlike nuclear DNA which fluctuates between 20,000 and 25,000 genes. Mitochondrial DNA is organized into nucleoids also resizable. Is constant and is bi-directional replication.
Science postulates that only maternally inherited although there is some discussion, because there are scientists who believe that paternal mtDNA can be inherited in tissues such as muscle. Yet most scientists reject paternal transmission and find that when the sperm comes into contact with the egg nucleus, tail and their mitochondria are eliminated leaving only the maternal mitochondria are inherited and those that are developed in the zygote.
The use of mitochondrial DNA is different from the nuclear, as it does not identify specific individuals but to groups of individuals, or what is the same, only serves to compare populations and establish their family relationships. His unchanged for many years makes it a source of study of ancient populations. Another important thing is that research can be extracted from tissue, blood or any bone you want to use.
The Eva Black or mitochondrial:
Mitochondrial DNA studies have led to postulate the theory that Homo sapiens sapiens descended from an African woman as human evolution correspond to the most recent female common ancestor. This woman would possess mitochondria which derive all populations sapiens today.
The technique of molecular clock data to this Eve between 150,000 and 180,000 years BCE and places in East Africa. Studies with various African ethnic groups in this area suggest that common ancestor. Although we can not rule out that this Eva Black was the only female ancestor of his time, the existence of other women she posed different problems. Research seems to show that only one woman left a full line of girls today. It has been stated that the survival of mitochondrial single genetic line.
If we compare the spatial location and dating shows that the fossils found today and waiting for new bricks to confirm or contradict current evolutionary theories, the Homo habilis of Louis Leakey coincide in space and time with this source. Leakey postulated that habilis is the first direct ancestor of man as opposed to Australopithecus peers in their time.
It is shown that the migrations dating from about 130,000 BC led to the ancestors of modern humans from Africa to Asia. The Homo erectus are the direct descendants of habilis and ergaster (erectus primitive), and through subsequent changes would give rise to the branch sapiens current, passing through antecessor first and rudolfensis later. Erectus first split into heidelbergensis and then neanderthalensis sister species in the evolutionary dead-end, allowing coexistence of two species in the struggle for the same habitats.
The future will bring new findings to settle this theory and the gaps that remain to be clarified today.
